According to Sartre, ‘existence precedes essence’ it means that people don’t have any predetermined purpose why they exist in this world. Sartre’s opinion is that people are radically free.  Thus, existentialism claims that ‘If we are in a bad mood, for example, it’s because we choose to be. It suggests the external world doesn’t impose itself upon our consciousness and that we control our moods, thoughts, attitudes, and choices.

From Sartre’s perspective, freedom is something that we cannot avoid. Our ability to choose could either lead toward ‘sincerity’ or ‘bad faith’. To live in ‘bad faith’ is to let one’s being defined by social categories such as race, gender, disability, ethnicity, work position, and economic class etc. Therefore, from an existentialism perspective a person who lives in ‘bad faith’ is passive for accepting his current condition to define who they are and does not bother to transcend their situation; whilst negating themselves by the dictation of the crowd/group.  Thus, a ‘person who lives in ‘sincerity’ is the one who transcends their current situation and not being a follower of public/group opinion and actively interacts and perpetually creates their own life’s meaning’.

Anxiety and Alienation

In a society influenced by systemic racism, sexism, Disablism/ableism, and where various forms of abuse may impact on behaviour people may have many internal conflicts whilst managing freedom and experience anxiety. According to Soren Kierkegaard “anxiety is the dizziness of freedom”. Knowing that we are carrying a huge responsibility of creating meaning for ourselves, people may feel a sense of burden, since there is no one who will help them in this course. It is up to us! People may well recognize that life maybe farcical and can become disillusioned from the beliefs they used follow and adhere to. Thus, such experiences may well make people feel alienated as it’s individuals who needs to move their own steering/Life wheel in whichever direction they choose!

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In terms of life chances strategy – the Child Poverty Action Group adopts the view  of promoting labour market policies that create opportunities for progression from entry-level jobs.  Over 55% of young people with GCSE’s below grade C or no qualification are low paid compared to around 12% of those with a degree or equivalent. www

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The levels of qualifications gained may also impact on the life chances of the children of the low paid – as the recent loss of student grants may well have a financial impact on young people who go on to undertake degrees. The recent House of Commons briefing paper (June 2017:9) highlights that the ‘biggest impact of the loss of grants will be on students from the lowest income households’.  Thus. the higher the level of qualification gained by young people correlates to a higher level of achieved pay. Therefore, all the different levels of qualifications appear to make a noticeable difference to the amount of paid income individuals achieve. www.emptlondon.com

The qualification levels in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are as follows

Entry level
Each entry level qualification is available at three sub-levels – 1, 2 and 3. Entry level 3 is the most difficult.

Level 1
Some level 1 qualifications are: www.emptlondon.com
• first certificate
• GCSE – grade D, E, F or G   Visit Gov.uk for a full details of what qualifications levels means

Level 2
Some level 2 qualifications are:
• CSE – grade 1
• GCSE – grade A*, A, B or C

Level 3

Some level 3 qualifications are:
• A level – grade A, B, C, D or E
• access to higher education diploma
• advanced apprenticeship

Level 4

Some level 4 qualifications are:
• certificate of higher education (CertHE)
• higher apprenticeship
• higher national certificate (HNC)

Level 5

Some level 5 qualifications are:
• diploma of higher education (DipHE)
• foundation degree
• higher national diploma (HND)

Level 6

Some level 6 qualifications are:
• degree apprenticeship
• degree with honours – for example bachelor of the arts (BA) hons, bachelor of science (BSc) hons
• ordinary degree without honours

Level 7

Some level 7 qualifications are:
• integrated master’s degree, for example master of engineering (MEng)
• master’s degree, for example master of arts (MA), master of science (MSc)
• postgraduate certificate in education (PGCE)
• postgraduate diploma www.emptlondon.com

Level 8

Some level 8 qualifications are:
• doctorate, for example doctor of philosophy (PhD or DPhil)
• level 8 award

Go to Gov.uk for full information on the level of qualifications: https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/list-of-qualification-levels

Personal Development Plans